There is a lot of interesting research on how food can impact how long (and likely how well) you live.
There are many causes of aging, but one important one is oxidative stress, or inflammation, according to Dr Bradley Willcox. Dr Willcox studied the Okinawa population, some of the longest living people. Some of the common foods consumed include: home grown turmeric, Okinawa (or Hawaiian) purple sweet potatoes and local vegetables rich in marine phytoactive compounds such as astaxanthin (marine carotenoid found in things like seaweed and kelp).
Dr Willcox has noted that a gene called FOXO3 has been linked to longer lifespan, and that some of the foods noted above can active this gene to promote less inflammation and longer lifespan. He further mentions that certain foods may mimic calorie restrictions, which has been shown to increase lifespan.
Takeaway: although there is uncertainty, eating a balance of healthy (and local if possible) foods including turmeric, seaweed, kelp, and purple sweet potatoes may help promote longevity.
The Blue Zones Diet (source)
The blue zones (which was coloured blue on the original researchers’ [Dan Buettner] map) are regions where people are far more likely to live to 100 or more. There may be multiple reasons including genetics, but they do have certain dietary patterns that may help too.
Predominantly plant-based foods
Less meat: about 2oz 1-2 times per week, mostly free-range
Fish is consumed up to 3oz per day (e.g. trout, snapper, grouper, sardines, and anchovies)
Minimized dairy (although low-fat dairy is likely still be ok)
Some eggs - max 3/week (egg whites can be eaten more often)
Eat beans often - 1/2 cup of cooked beans per day
Minimize sugar
Consume nuts - about 2 handfuls per day
Eat sourdough or whole wheat bread
Eat mostly whole foods and limit processed foods
Add “blue zone” foods
Beans—all kinds: black beans, pinto beans, garbanzo beans, black-eyed peas, lentils
Greens—spinach, kale, chards, beet tops, fennel tops
Sweet potatoes—don’t confuse with yams
Nuts—all kinds: almonds, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, Brazil nuts, cashews
Olive oil—green, extra-virgin is usually the best. (Note that olive oil decomposes quickly, so buy no more than a month’s supply at a time.)
Oats—slow-cooking or Irish steel-cut are best
Barley—either in soups, as a hot cereal, or ground in bread
Fruits—all kinds
Green or herbal teas
Turmeric—as a spice or a tea
Beverages: Drink coffee for breakfast, tea in the afternoon, wine at 5 p.m. (perhaps may not be necessary based on new research), and water all day. Never drink soda pop, including diet soda